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Role Of Plant Hormone In Drug Production
Several biochemicals of medicinal property are produced from plants. The plant cultures are used to produce these chemicals. The common plant hormones are Auxins, Gibberlins, Cytokinins and EThylene. |
Auxins are those hormones which help in stem elongation. They are generally produced in the tips of stems and roots. They also reduce lateral growth. Gibberillins also help in apical growth although they are not produced in the tips. Cytokinins help in cell division. They are generally manufactured in areas such as the meristems in the growing regions of the stem. Ethylene is generally gaseous in nature and it is produced by ripe fruits. So, it is generally sprayed by farmers when crops have to be ripened all at once. There is also Absicissic acid which inhibits cell growth and hence, promotes seed dormancy.
Many biochemicals or drugs are produced from plant tissue culture. These make use of several growth regulators. Among Auxins, Indole-3-Acetic Acid or IAA, Indole-3-Butyric Acid or IBA, Naphthalene Acetic Acid or NAA, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or 2,4-D are commonly used. These help in cell division and callus growth, somatic embryo induction and rooting. Cytokinins like kinetin or furfurylamino purine, BAP or benzylamino purine, zeatin are commonly used. These help in cell division, regenerating shoots and in ehancing growth of axillary buds.
From such plant tissue cultures, several chemicals of importance such as nicotine, cocaine, shikonin which is an antiseptic, berberine which is an antibacterial drug, codeine which is an analgesic, the anti-malarial drug quinine, and vincristine, an anti-leukemia drug are produced.
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Role Of Plant Hormone In Drug Production
